Should Electrical Contractor Review Elevator Shop Drawings For Power Requirements

How To Read Electrical Plans

Calibration of Reflected Ceiling Plans

Reflected ceiling plans should be drawn at the same scale as the floor plans. Depending on the complexity of the project and ceiling treatment, the most mutual scale for residential and small commercial projects is i// = 1'-0" (ane:fifty metric) and V8" = 1'-0" (1:100 metric) for large commercial projects. The scale the ceiling plan is drawn at should be noted and placed straight below the drawing, either adjacent to or straight below the title. If an enlarged detail is needed to explain a feature in the ceiling, information technology is keyed with a note or symbol to a split, larger-scale drawing.

The luminaires should be drawn equally simple rectangles, squares, or circles that depict the bodily fixture as closely as possible. Simplistic forms preclude clutter in the view for ease of recognition. In nearly cases, the lighting fixture is drawn to the scale of the actual fixtures. Still, in some cases such as miniature spotlights, the size may accept to exist exaggerated, as the properly scaled unit would be too minor to bear witness up on the programme.

PARTIAL REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

An enlarged detail of a blackout shade is drawn in section view and keyed to its location in the small-scale reflected ceiling plan.

Lighting fixtures are represented with symbols in the reflected ceiling plan and keyed to a legend showing specifications.

Drafting Standards for the Reflected Ceiling Plan

A reflected ceiling plan must conspicuously show all walls, partitions, and soffits that intersect with the ceiling. It should as well specify changes in ceiling elevations and materials, such every bit lights, sprinklers, smoke detectors, and HVAC diffusers that attach to or penetrate the ceiling. In drafting reflected ceiling plans, the designer should reproduce the floor program walls and openings such every bit doors and windows, only without showing items such as congenital-in cabinetry, plumbing fixtures, etc.

The lighting fixtures and other electric features shown on the reflected ceiling program are given symbols that are keyed to a legend. It is advisable to depict in all the electrical symbols on the program before information technology is dimensioned or notes are added. If not, a symbol may fall on top of a dimension, thus requiring the dimension to exist moved. Locate the calorie-free fixtures in the ceiling plan in accordance with the lighting blueprint concept. Mutual types of light fixtures on the lighting plan include surface-mounted, recessed, pendant, and track-mounted.

On commercial projects where at that place is a suspended ceiling, the reflected ceiling plans would show any partitions that extend through the ceiling plane as well. The ceiling grid lines (called "T" confined) should also exist shown. Other data included in the reflected ceiling plan are the ceiling materials, ceiling heights, ceiling slopes, changes in ceiling heights, locations of all lighting fixtures (including go out and emergency lights), air dif-fusers and vents, access panels, speakers, sprinkler heads (if used), and other items that touch or are part of the ceiling aeroplane.

Next, the interior designer should determine how the lights in the infinite are to be switched. For residential or pocket-size commercial

Standard lighting and electrical symbols

The ceiling filigree, equally well equally lights and other items located inside it, are shown to scale.

The ceiling grid, too equally lights and other items located within it, are shown to scale.

The switching can either be shown on the reflected ceiling programme or on the electrical lighting plan. The switching design should be based on how much individual control is needed and the office of the lighting. Energy conservation needs and maximum circuit loads inside the circuits volition likewise determine the number and location of the switches. Generally, switches are located near the door or opening leading into the space. Big spaces that accept more than ane entry may crave multiple switching locations.

After locating the switches, decide which luminaires they should control and delineate this on the plan. This can be done in ii ways, depending on the size and complication of the lighting programme.

The first method is to draw a line from the wall switch to the fixtures it controls. This connecting line should be dashed and curved to distinguish it from other objects and items on the drawing. Curved lines are preferred, as straight lines may get mixed upwards with wall lines or other items that are drawn in the programme. The connecting curved line should touch the outlet or fixture symbol. The symbol for switches tin be a unproblematic Due south. If a particular lighting fixture is switched from two locations, the symbols volition be S3 to signal that iii items (two switches and 1 lighting fixture) are continued electrically.

The second method of showing light-fixture switching is to assign a number or letter to the switch and to identify this aforementioned number in or almost the light fixture shown in the ceiling program. This method is used primarily in commercial spaces, where in that location might exist a lot of multiple switching and other items placed on the ceiling programme, so that the apply of lines (the commencement method) could complicate the drawing.

After the interior designer lays out the lighting and switching, the drawing is given to an electrical engineer, who indicates the exact circuitry, wire sizes, and other specifications required for the electrical system. In residential spaces, the drawing might be given directly to the electrical contractor, as the circuitry and requirements here are non as complex as those in commercial work.

Designation of Materials

When preparing the reflected ceiling plan, the designer must call out types and locations of specific ceiling materials. This tin be done by placing notes on the plan, or symbols that are referenced to a ceiling cloth legend. The two nearly common ceiling systems used are gypsum board ceilings that are fastened to the structure above, and suspended acoustical ceilings. Other ceiling finishes might include forest facing, linear metallic, or fifty-fifty exposed woods joists and beams. Dimensioning Reflected Ceiling Plans

As the reflected ceiling plans are generally drawn to a scale that matches the flooring plans, there is no need for a lot of dimensioning on the plan, unless ceiling breaks or changes of materials occur where they are not obviously located at a door, wall, or column location. Every bit long as the reflected ceiling plan is drawn to scale, the dimensions of the spaces and construction can be reserved for the floor plan. Notwithstanding, in some cases, the sizes of the units and the fixture locations do need to be dimensioned. This is peculiarly true for large expanses of gypsum board ceiling, where the scale cannot be equally easily determined as in a gridded suspended ceiling assembly (where, for example, one can count units to locate the light fixture).

When dimensioning the reflected ceiling plan, either "finish" dimensions or "framing" dimensions tin be used, but the choice must exist noted on the plans. Elements such every bit recessed calorie-free troffers can be precisely located in the finished infinite. If a downlight in a gypsum wallboard ceiling is to be used, it generally is dimensioned to its center point so the electrical contractor knows where to install

Partial REFLECTED CEILING Program

sc: i/4"= r-o"

information technology. Alignment and direction of patterns might demand to be dimensioned directly on the plan. In these instances, references should be given that are hands obtainable in the field. Dimensions should exist referenced from the confront of a wall, column, or imaginary centerline of a room, as illustrated in Figure 14-17.

The recessed downwardly lights in this reflected ceiling plan are dimensioned in relation to each other and various wall elements and soffits.

Checklist for Reflected Ceiling Plans

General

• Title the drawing, note its scale, and place north (or reference direction).
• If needed, develop a ceiling type fabric schedule and key it to the plan.
• Develop a lighting symbol fable and locate it on the same sheet equally the first reflected ceiling plan (if more than than one is required), or on a nearby sheet.
• Clean upwards the programme (or in CAD, plow off superfluous information) so the walls, spaces, and primal codes are clear, dark, and very legible. Don't show items unless they are on the ceiling plane or intersecting it.
• Draw in major soffits or openings above and call them out in a notation, including attic admission panels.
• Pouche walls, if applicable.
• Determine on the switching patterns of the low-cal fixtures (if the interior designer has this responsibility) and show past the curved-line method or utilize of numbers/letters.
• Cross-reference the reflected ceiling plan to other drawings (if applicable), carefully checking for accuracy and completeness of data.

Notations

• Annotation where the ceiling level changes or slopes if this has a straight outcome on the light fixtures and their installation.
• Note special features, clearances, finished ceiling heights in a higher place terminate floors, alignments, and other of import items.
• Cross-reference the program with symbols and reference to the lighting schedule, details, and other drawings as needed.

Dimensions

• Dimension the locations of light fixtures and changes in ceiling types that are not readily apparent. Locate to such items equally columns or existing walls.
• Dimension clearances, alignments, and other controlling factors.
• Dimension lighting coves and other structural lighting, or create large-scale drawings of these and cantankerous-reference.

Electrical Plans

Electrical plans can include electrical outlets, telephones, communication devices, and other items requiring electrical ability. In small projects, these items can exist shown together with the lighting. An example of this type of drawing is illustrated in Figure xiv-18. On large commercial projects, the electrical plan, frequently referred to as a power or power/communication plan, shows the outlets and related electrical devices separately (Figure fourteen-19). In most cases, the plumbing fixtures and items such as cabinetry and other built-in items are shown in social club to more closely coordinate the location of electrical power devices. In some instances, such as in open-office situations, designers also prefer to show the furniture, as many times it relates directly to the electrical outlet locations (Figure 14-20). The interior designer prepares the power plan and so forrad information technology to the electrical engineer to detail the circuitry, wire sizes, panel boxes, and other electric specifications. On small residential plans, the cartoon is given directly to the electrical contractor to install the work according to accustomed practices.

The telephone and other advice systems are besides more often than not shown on the electrical plan. Locations of telephones, public address systems, computer terminals, intercommunication devices, and security systems are the responsibility of the interior designer in consultation with specialists. The designer draws a power/communications plan that schematically shows where power is needed for special equipment. Symbols for electric devices are generally keyed to a legend that is on the same sheet equally the programme. The electrical engineer or other organization specialists do most of the detailed specifications for these devices.

Electrical 4 LIGHTING Programme

In large commercial projects, a separate electrical/power plan with a legend specifies outlets and circuitry. Many architectural features and other systems are left out so that the electrical programme can be easily read.

A power plan oft includes telephone and other communication devices.

In large commercial projects, a split up electrical/power plan with a legend specifies outlets and circuitry. Many architectural features and other systems are left out and then that the electrical plan tin can exist easily read.

Calibration of Electric Plans

Electrical plans in commercial spaces are more often than not drawn at the same scale equally the floor plans. The most common calibration for commercial projects is V8" = fifty'-O" (1:100 metric). However, in complex installations, the calibration might be increased to V4" = l'-O" (1:fifty metric). The scale the plan is drawn at should exist noted and placed either adjacent to or directly below the championship.

Drafting Standards for Electrical Plans

Electrical plans must show all interior and exterior walls, stairs, and big devices, such equally furnaces, water heaters, etc., that require ability. Congenital-in fixtures and cabinetry, such equally in bathrooms and kitchens, should also be drawn to better locate the electrical outlets and other devices. The walls should exist drawn with lighter line weights so they do not boss the drawing. Locate the convenience outlets on the walls where they are to be mounted, and call out the dimension higher up the finished flooring (A.F.F.). Recall to note whatsoever special requirements such as weatherproof (WP), split up-wired, or special-purpose connections. Common electrical symbols are shown in Figure 14-21.

Designation of Materials

Electrical plans are primarily diagrammatic. Although they are drawn to a calibration that matches the floor plans, the electrical devices are frequently too small to portray in the cartoon at their exact scale. They are drawn every bit an oversize symbol to be easily recognized. To go along the drawing uncomplicated, materials such every bit finish flooring and other items are not delineated.

Dimensioning Electric Plans

Electrical plans are drawn to a scale that generally matches the floor plans. There is no need for a lot of dimensioning on the electrical plan, as items tin exist located to calibration on the floor plans. Notwithstanding, in some cases, electrical outlets and other devices do need to exist dimensioned to accurately identify them where they can be easily accessed when the building is occupied. This is particularly truthful for big expanses of wall where the scale cannot be accurately adamant by scaling the drawing. In such instances, references should be given that are hands obtainable in the field, dimensioning from the face of a wall, column, or imaginary centerline of a room. If a horizontal dimension is not given for a wall outlet, the electrician will place it as close as possible to the designer's program. The electrician might choose to adhere the outlet to a wall stud rather than locating information technology betwixt ii studs if the designer has not dimensioned a specific location.

Although most electrical outlets do not need to exist exactly located, there are some exceptions, such every bit in this bar area, where outlets must coordinate with equipment.

Partial ELECTRICAL Plan

Checklist for Electric Plans

General

• Title the cartoon, note its scale, and place north (or reference management).
• Title the accompanying electrical schedule and key information technology to the programme.
• Add notes to clarify any abbreviations that are not commonly recognized.
• Clean upwardly the plan (or in CAD, plough off superfluous data) so the walls, spaces, and central electric codes are clear, nighttime, and very legible.
• Cross-reference the electrical program to other drawings and schedules, carefully checking for accuracy and completeness of information.

Notations

• Note special situations, such equally devices supplied by possessor or others.
• Note special features, clearances, outlet locations above terminate floors, cabinetry, and other items.
• Note alignments and other important items that touch the electric plan.

Dimensions

• Dimension location of outlets and changes in floor or wall types that affect the outlet installation.
• Dimension outlets to walls, wall corners or intersections, and other items such as columns.
• Dimension the appropriate outlets to the proper altitude above the finished floor (A.F.F.).
• Dimension clearances, alignments, and other controlling factors.

The mechanical systems of a edifice are normally referred to collectively as the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and refrigerate-ing) arrangement. The HVAC system ensures that the occupants of a building are provided with a comfy environment. The system does more than provide heating for winter and cooling for summer. It brings in fresh air, circulates it through the interiors, and exhausts stale air and odors. It can also treat air to control humidity, dust, pollen, and other undesirable weather.

The plumbing organization in a edifice serves a number of unlike functions, such as delivering water to people and machines through pressurization (water supply), and ejecting water to be removed through gravity (drainage). Plumbing serves iii basic needs: it provides water for human consumption, sanitary drainage of wastes, and mechanical systems. Water might exist used for equipment or serve an automated sprinkler system, as discussed later in this chapter under plumbing plans. Some commercial buildings might as well accept a tempest drainage system that rids the roof or other areas of rainfall or flooding. Such systems are separate from the germ-free sewage piping and collect into a storm sewer or are routed to a curbside drainage. A building might also have a waterfall feature, fountain, pond, or other decorative element that has a specialized, recirculating water arrangement.

Mechanical and plumbing drawings involve a lot of communication, coordination, and teamwork among the diverse design professionals and the contractors. The professional person offices that produce the HVAC and plumbing drawings must exist enlightened of one

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